History of the Ancient Olympics

History of the Ancient Olympics The Origins and History of the Ancient Olympics Presentation The main old Olympic Games can be followed back to 776 B.C and were praised until 393 A.D (Young, 1987). The Games proceeded for twelve centuries and were committed to Olympian divine beings. Olympia turned into the site of these memorable old games that planted the seeds for the most pined for wearing universal occasion of present day times, the Modern Olympics. The site of the Ancient Olympics is situated in the western piece of Peloponnese. As per Greek folklore, Peloponnese is the island of Pelops, the Founder of the Olympic Games (Young, 1987). Olympia, in Greece is the haven site for the old Greek divine beings. The focal piece of Olympia was commanded by the superb sanctuary of Zeus. The antiquated games delighted in a common custom and planned for making sure about great relations between the urban communities of Greece and indicating physical characteristics and advancement of the exhibitions achieved by the young. The Olympic Games were held in four years stretches at the antiquated arena in Olympia that could suit in excess of 40,000 onlookers. The encompassing regions around the antiquated Olympic arena were consistently evolved until the fourth century BC and were utilized as preparing justification for competitors or to fill in as homes for the Olympic appointed authorities (Young, 1987). The Ancient Olympics permitted just free men who communicated in Greek to take part in the Games. The antiquated games had a slight global soul as they included members from different pieces of Greece. The Greeks that went to the Sanctuary of Zeus at Olympia had a similar strict convictions and communicated in a similar language. The competitors were all male residents of the city-states from each side of the Greek world, originating from as distant as Iberia (Spain) in the west and the Black Sea (Turkey) in the east (Reeser, 2005) In the antiquated Olympics, wedded ladies were not permitted to take part at all. Anyway unmarried ladies could just spectate. The antiquated Olympic Games however didn't permit female members; a special case was made at the Herean Games, organized at regular intervals to respect Hera, spouse of Zeus, permitting female competitors to take part in the games. Kyniska, girl of King Archidamos of Sparta, was the primary lady to be recorded as an Olympic victor in Antiquity. The occasions were decided by the Herald, a Hellanodikis (Greek Judge). The Olympic victors in antiquated occasions got their honors following the opposition. The Herald, in the wake of reporting the name of the victor, put a palm branch in his grasp. Red strips were tied on his head and hands to represent his triumph. The official honor function that occurred on the most recent day of the Games was a pleased day for the victor. From the raised vestibule of the sanctuary of Zeus, the Herald declared the name of the ch amp, his dads name and the name of his country. The champ was at long last regarded with the Herald putting the hallowed olive tree wreath or kotinos on the victors head (Reeser, 2005). The Olympic Games, initially made to respect Zeus, was the most significant national celebration of the old Greeks, and a focal point of political competitions between the country states. Notwithstanding, all rivalries included individual contenders instead of groups. Winning an Olympic challenge was respected more exceptionally than winning a fight and was confirmation of an individual competitors individual greatness. The champs were given laurels, delegated with olive wreaths, and saw as national legends (Young, 1987). In spite of the fact that records of the Olympics go back to 776 BC when the Olympics were revamped and the official First Olympiad was held, Homers Iliad recommends that they existed as ahead of schedule as the twelfth century BC. Sovereign Theodosius I of Rome ceased them in the fourth century AD, and they didn't happen again until they were reestablished in Athens in 1896 (Young, 1987). Initially, the Olympics was limited to running, however by the fifteenth Olympiad, extra games were included, for example, the pentathlon which was comprised of five distinct occasions, boxing, wrestling, chariot dashing, just as an assortment of foot races of differing lengths, including a significant distance race of around 2.5 miles. Competitors ordinarily contended without garments gladly showing their ideal bodies. Ladies, outsiders, slaves, and shamed people were illegal to contend; ladies, when they were hitched, were not permitted to spectate any Olympic occasions, aside from chariot races (Reeser, 2005). The genuine occasions occurring have changed essentially since the Ancient Olympics. Proof appeared in pictures, dating from around 490-480 BC, portrays two men wrestling. Above them drape a plate in its pack and a couple of hopping loads called halteres. Long jumpers utilized the loads to expand their opposition separates by energetically swinging them forward right now of departure. The mentor or coach stands to one side of the grapplers, inclining toward his staff and holding a since a long time ago forked branch. (Rhizopoulou, 2004). The old Olympic Games started in the year 776 BC, when Koroibos, a cook from the close by city of Elis, won the arena race, a foot race 600 feet in length. As indicated by (Wei, 1996), this was the main athletic occasion of the games for the initial 13 Olympic celebrations or until 724 BC. From 776 BC, the Games were held in Olympia at regular intervals for very nearly 12 centuries (Young, 1987). The long distance race was not an occasion of the old Olympic Games. The long distance race is a cutting edge occasion that was first presented in the Modern Olympic Games of 1896 in Athens, a race from the upper east of Athens to the Olympic Stadium and the competitor needed to finish over a separation of 40 kilometers. The race honors the run of Pheidippides, an antiquated day-sprinter who conveyed the updates on the Persian arrival at Marathon of 490 B.C. to Sparta (a separation of 149 miles) so as to enroll help for the fight. As indicated by (finely, 1976) during the fifth century B.C. Antiquated Greek student of history Herodotus, Pheidippides conveyed the news to the Spartans the following day. The separation of the cutting edge long distance race was normalized as 26 miles 385 yards or 42.195 km. in 1908 when the Olympic Games were held in London. The separation was the specific estimation between Windsor Castle, the beginning of the race, and the end goal inside White City S tadium (Wei, 1996). In spite of the fact that the old Games were arranged in Olympia, Greece, from 776 BC through 393 AD, it took 1503 years for the Olympics to return. The primary present day Olympics were held in Athens, Greece, in 1896. The man answerable for its resurrection was a Frenchman named Baron Pierre de Coubertin, who introduced the thought in 1894. His unique idea was to uncover the cutting edge Games in 1900 in his local Paris, however appoints from 34 nations were so enchanted with the idea that they persuaded him to move the Games up to 1896 and have Athens fill in as the principal have (Wei, 1996). The possibility of the Olympic light or Olympic Flame was first introduced in the 1928 Olympic Games in Amsterdam. There was no light transfer in the antiquated Olympic Games. There were known, in any case, burn transfers in other old Greek athletic celebrations including those held at Athens. The cutting edge Olympic light transfer was first occurred at the 1936 Olympic Games in Berlin. The Modern Olympic banner of five connected rings, each with an essential shading utilized in the banners of the countries contending in the games, was presented in 1908. There is no old reason for this cutting edge image (Rhizopoulou, 2004). THE POLITICS OF THE OLYMPIC GAMES The festival of the Olympic Games in days of yore was an event for residents of dissipated Greek city-states to collect. At the Games they examined significant policy driven issues, praised regular military triumphs and even framed political and military coalitions. Be that as it may, the Games were not just a gathering in which to talk about political occasions; they were likewise the reason for political clash. Control of the Sanctuary and the Games carried with it esteem, monetary points of interest and, in particular, political impact. As ahead of schedule as the seventh century BC we know about disagreements regarding the control of the Sanctuary of Zeus at Olympia between the city of Elis (30 miles toward the north) and the little neighboring town of Pisa (Wei, 1996). In 668 BC, as indicated by Pausanias (a second century AD Greek explorer), the amazing dictator of Argos (named Pheidon) was solicited by the town from Pisa to catch the Sanctuary of Zeus from the city-territory of Elis. Pheidon, with his military of all around prepared hoplites (equipped warriors), walked over the Peloponnesos, made sure about the Sanctuary for the town of Pisa, and by and by directed the lead of the games. However, Pisas control of the Sanctuary was brief: by the following year Elis had recaptured control (Fineley, 1976). The Olympic Truce was organized by the city-province of Elis to secure against military invasions which intruded on the Games. At regular intervals, exceptional envoys from Elis were conveyed to all edges of the Greek world to report the moving toward Olympic celebration and games. Alongside this news, they would report the Olympic Truce, which secured competitors, guests, observers and authority government offices who went to the celebration from getting associated with nearby clashes. Afterward, political dictators of the seventh and sixth hundreds of years BC endeavored to accomplish impact by increasingly quiet methods. They took an interest in the athletic and equestrian challenges of the Olympic Games and committed obviously luxurious contributions to Olympian Zeus at the site of the games (Finley, 1976). These days there is a solid association among persuasiveness and sports and some would even say that the line between deals pitching and quick pitches has gotten totally obscured. At Olympic rivalries, competitors outfits and gear bear the cautious however promptly recognizable trademarks of their makers. After the Games, we are given pictures of Olympians underwriting items and showing up on grain boxes. Afterward, some Oly

Fast Food in HK Essay

Inexpensive food, as you can comprehend is the term alluding to food that is arranged and can be conveyed in a quick time. It is generally American style feast that constantly included French fries, burgers and soda pops. Cafés store precooked fixings, when the client provides a request, remove can be prepared in some time. To be called as â€Å"Fast food†, these nourishments must fulfill a couple of guidelines: great time the executives, quality solidness and fixed cost. It is an extremely mainstream dinner style in some all around created urban areas, since the individuals have a thoroughly bustling life. The principal recorded drive-through eatery A&W is established in 1919 at the United States of America, and the subsequent one is the well known organization White Castle in 1921. In this century, drive-through eateries create and the majority of them become chains providers. US individuals burned through billions on purchasing inexpensive food consistently. The inexpensive food globalization had now become an immense social issue. These days there are more than 500,000 drive-through joints and thousands brands in the entire world. What's more, today we are going to concentrate on the two head quarters in Hong Kong†McDonald’s and KFC. Presentation of McDonald’s is certainly the greatest cheap food chain on the planet. It established in 1940 by Richard and Maurice McDonald. These days, more than 33,000 McDonald’s eateries were built up in the around the world. The results of McDonald’s are in different sorts, for the most part cheeseburgers, French fries, chickens and soda pops. Here and there, they will give regular feast to draw in clients, for example, ‘Shake Shake French fries’. Following contrasts of decisions, McDonald’s would likewise offer veggie lover food as well. So as to fit the way of life, they may change the supper a smidgen for instance not giving meat in India. You can generally discover one in the city, in light of the fact that there are altogether 200 stores in Hong Kong. McDonald’s became mainstream all the time because of occupied life calendar of Hong Kong individuals. Presentation of KFC On the other hand, the Kentucky Fried Chicken (KFC) is the biggest singed chicken shop on the planet, and the second biggest inexpensive food chain after the McDonald’s. Harland Sanders established KFC in 1930 at Kentucky in the United States of America. KFC for all intents and purposes sells seared chicken pieces, coleslaw and beverages. The ubiquity of KFC’s chicken originates from its unique mystery formula which blended in with 11 herbs and flavors. Dislike the McDonald’s, KFC has a littler scope with just 63 stores in Hong Kong. Notwithstanding, the numbers didn’t influence the KFC’s second biggest spot of cheap food chain in Hong Kong. Focal points and weaknesses of Fast Food The greatest favorable position of cheap food is unquestionably FAST. Individuals in current social orders are consistently in occupied life plan. Confronting the hard outstanding task at hand, they may just have thirty minutes to have a feast and surge beck to their work. Consequently, these brisk assistance cafés help to take care of to absence of time issue. Suppers can be set up inside ten minutes. Regardless of how heavenly other food are, Hong Kong individuals have not sufficient opportunity to purchase fixings, cook or appreciate. Second is the solidness of food inside one chain of drive-through joint. Tastes are basically the equivalent in any store. You will never taste terrible with a similar dinner. What's more, the costs are unsurprising and reasonable as well. One inexpensive food supper is constantly less expensive than you cook alone at home. Be that as it may, inexpensive food as called as lousy nourishment, influencing people’s wellbeing. Café ordinarily utilizes a great deal of added substances, for example, salt, flavorings and additives. The huge measure of calories and added substances are destructive to human body. Since the cheap food is all pre-cooked, the supplements of the fixings are lost. Hence, a few people may state that cheap food is just for enduring. Eating inexpensive food in a long haul may cause different ailments, for example, diabetes and respiratory failure. Correlation of McDonald’s and KFC In Hong Kong, McDonald’s is clearly in a bigger scope than KFC. But the distinctions on the food sorts, the manner in which they run the organization are somewhat unique as well. Aside from drive-thru eatery, McDonald’s have McCafes to give treats and espresso like Starbucks. Additionally, McDonald’s have works in various zone of society, for example, good cause, youngsters wellbeing undertaking. Be that as it may, the KFC is simply just a café in Hong Kong. In this manner, individuals would called McDonald’s as a superior organization than KFC in Hong Kong.

5 Powerful Learning Techniques You Probably Are Not Using

5 Powerful Learning Techniques You Probably Are Not Using 5 Powerful Learning Techniques You Probably Are Not Using Home›Tips for Students›5 Powerful Learning Techniques You Probably Are Not Using Tips for StudentsThere is no denying the fact that studying is the most challenging part of student life. Moreover, it is also the essential one, as without writing endless essays and acing different exams student life is impossible! That is why it is important to learn how to deal with it. QualityCustomEssays is going to teach you how to do it effectively:Study being sleepyWhile asleep human brain better strengthens the memories; that is why the chances are high that you will remember better whatever you review right before hitting the hay. Anyway, remember not to take work to actual bed, as it can compromise your night’s sleep. Remember that the bedroom is the place for sleep, not for work. Additionally to working before going to bed, opening the books right after getting up in the morning might be also helpful as at that time the brain s till possesses enough space for absorbing the new info.Space out the informationThere is an effective learning technique titled “spaced repetition”. It involves dividing the information  into smaller pieces and reviewing them over a long period of time. It is not advisable to try to memorize the whole periodic table at once. It is better to learn few rows every day and review the previously learned information before starting anything new.Keep movingStudying the same facts every time in a different place makes it harder for our brain to forget them. That is the reason why moving from the library to the café, from the café to some other place while studying forces our brain to form different associations with the same facts and in such a way strengthens the memories.Write itIt is proved that we are able to better store the information when we write it by our hand (remember â€" not type it on the computer)! Start the learning process by copying the most important information on the subject onto separate pieces of paper.Take it easyIt is worth to remember that having some rest and adequate sleep is another important learning technique. No time to relax? It is not a problem! Of course, we are not able to ace your tests, but if to speak about your academic writing assignments, we are always ready to help you!We hope that the mentioned above tips will positively influence your studying process and improve the quality of your student life! Remember that you are always welcome to make orders at our service! They also have the power to change the lives of students for better!

19 Interesting Selenium Facts

Selenium is a chemical element found in a wide variety of products. Here are some interesting facts about selenium: Selenium gets its name from the Greek word selene, which means moon. Selene was the Greek goddess of the moon.Selenium has atomic number 34,  meaning each atom has 34 protons. The element symbol of selenium is Se.Selenium was discovered jointly in 1817 by  Swedish chemists Jà ¶ns Jakob Berzelius (1779–1848) and Johan Gottlieb Gahn (1745–1818).Although it is uncommonly found, selenium does exist in relatively pure form, free in nature.Selenium is a nonmetal. Like many nonmetals, it exhibits different colors and structures (allotropes) depending on the conditions.Selenium is essential for proper nutrition in many organisms, including humans and other animals, but is toxic in larger amounts and in compounds.Brazil nuts are high in selenium, even if they are grown in soil that is not rich in the element.  A single nut provides enough selenium to meet the daily requirement for a human adult.English electrical engineer Willoughby Smith (1828–1891) discovered tha t selenium reacts to light (photoelectric effect), leading to its use as a light sensor in the 1870s. Scottish-born American inventor Alexander Graham Bell (1847–1922) made a selenium-based photophone in 1879.The primary use of selenium is to decolorize glass,  to color glass red, and to make the pigment China Red. Other uses are in photocells, in laser printers and photocopiers, in steels, in semiconductors, and in assorted medicinal preparations.There are six natural isotopes of selenium. One is radioactive, while the other five are stable. However, the half-life of the unstable isotope is so long that it is essentially stable. Another 23 unstable isotopes have been produced.Selenium salts are used to help control dandruff.Selenium is protective against mercury poisoning.Some plants require high levels of selenium to survive, so the presence of those plants means the soil is rich in the element.Liquid selenium exhibits extremely high surface tension.Selenium and its compo unds are anti-fungal.Selenium is important to several enzymes,  including  antioxidant enzymes  glutathione peroxidase  and  thioredoxin reductase and the  deiodinase  enzymes that convert thyroid hormones into other forms.Approximately 2,000 tons of selenium are extracted annually worldwide.Selenium is most commonly produced as a byproduct of copper refining.The element was featured in the films Ghostbusters and Evolution.

Leading Organizational Change Essay - 841 Words

This week’s assignment is about the application of leading organizational change. â€Å"Change is a process that makes something different, alters it, or transforms it.† (Howell and Costley 365 - 377) Changes within one’s organization can take a positive effect or a negative effect on that organization; therefore, it is extremely essential that the leaders within that organization take heed to virtually every aspect of the changes taking place in order to ensure quality assurance in one’s organization. â€Å"The leader’s role is tremendously important in guiding change efforts in organizations.† (Howell and Costley 365 - 377) In regards to changes within an organization, specifically within a public or a nonprofit organization, many examples can†¦show more content†¦Although, many positives were developing from Scarbrough’s leadership, several commissioners sought out to prevent every measure he took in his attempts to progress the Commission into the next frontier. The pattern of change Scarbrough exercised was â€Å"continuous or incremental change because it is steadily evolving and accumulates over time† (Howell and Costley 365 - 377) His approach was to plant a seed, nurture it, see to its growth and development, and then share the wonderful fruit it bears with the people. His administration was instrumental in reducing the size of the board of commissioners from 26 to 13 and reforming their roles more so as an advisory board rather than the bosses of the Executive Director, thus making the Governor of Arkansas the direct and only person for the Executive Director to answer to while the board of 13 commissioners’ main focus was to carry out the mission and vision of the Commission in their respective districts that their represent throughout the state. Using Kurt Lewin’s â€Å"Classic Model for Implementing Change†, Scarbrough successfully implemented changes at the King Commission. Through â€Å"Unfreezing†, Scarbrough created a motivation to change, mainly because if change were not implemented, then the Arkansas General Assembly would have cut funding to the King Commission or just eliminated it all together. There was â€Å"enough disconfirming data to cause serious discomfort† to the taxpayers and legislators. ScarbroughShow MoreRelatedLeading Organizational Change Essay1144 Words   |  5 Pages Week 2 - Process vs. Content Amanda Anderson LDR-625-1634-Leading Organizational Change- March 16, 2015 Robert Miller Process vs. Content 2 Working with children takes a certain level of adaptability in itself, but, working with children in a company that has absolutely no structure is a framework for disaster. However, planning for a process or a process-driven change intervention and task alignment for many companies have yielded successfulRead MoreLeading Organizational Change At The Lao Tzu1186 Words   |  5 Pages LEADING ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE WONDIFRAW WOLDE DR. 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Areas Of Feasibility Free Essays

Also additional members of employee will be hired for the better arrive; trainings Of staff are necessity for the future tourist goers in Mat. Pico De Lord. To ensure the safety and wellness of each tourist Wanderlust Sojourners will help Mat. We will write a custom essay sample on Areas Of Feasibility or any similar topic only for you Order Now Pico De Core to recruit well-trained staff that are capable in giving better quality of services. Following are in line for refinement of service at Mat. Pico De Lord: Proposed Operational Hours: 6:00 AM- Opening hours 4:00 PM- Closing hours Overnight can be done as long as following restriction is being followed such as: 1. Potential hikers can climb the mountain for the allowable closing hours ND go down with the permitted opening hours 2. Weather is also to consider whenever potential hikers would like to do overnight. For the following restriction are to be followed well-trained staff should be hired. Security personnel, trained Tour Guides, and Registrars personnel. Wanderlust Sojourners can make a better Operational system in Mat. Pico De Lord such as; Improvement on accuracy and efficiency of sales, reservations, and accounting of revenues, Improvement of operational efficiency (elimination of repetitive tasks, current information readily accessible). Improvement of guest service (accurate and fast dissemination of guest information) Resources In order for the Mat. Pico De Lord to accommodate the changes it will need additional help to restructure. Since Mat. Pico De Core is a government owned the participation of National and Local Government unit will be a great factor, in need for the management and financing so the proposed project can be effectively executed. Most especially the local government, in the moment the project will gain its profits the Local will be the first hand to get the benefits of the project. Private sectors and Voluntary sponsored are also welcome. For the Government and private sectors to work together both must agreed upon through a variety of mechanisms including contracts and concessions. Marketing For the Mat. Pico De Lord to be well known, Wanderlust Sojourners will design a marketing Strategy that would help Mat. Pico De Core gained potential tourist. Wanderlust Sojourners Will make Mat. Pico De Lord as natural environment with a potential to build a recreational and adventurous experience to its potential tourist. Mat. Pico De Core would also endorse a rare opportunity to the community around it. It will revivalist the industry where in the community will benefit. Mat. Pico De Lord could facilitate coordination and make assistance to the community. While there is widespread public interest I preserving the area’s natural and cultural values. Wanderlust Sojourners will arrange a Marketing Strategy that will promote Mat. Pico De Lord. Wanderlust Sojourners will make Market Development wherein identifying and developing new market segment for current products (market expansion). Wanderlust Sojourners will also use Service Development treated for the modification of services offered. Diversification strategy will also likely to be use through acquiring business outside the site and Mat. Pico De Lord services offered. Use of Social Media (faceable, twitter, instating, and creating official weeping for Mat. Pico De Lord) and Prints Ads (newspaper and magazines) are to be done for the intense promotion of Mat. Pico De Lord to gain more potential tourist. With all of this Marketing Services Wanderlust Sojourners will help Mat. Pico De Lord to target and promote to the right tourists. Market Research The market areas would be defined based on distance from the site. Demographic characteristics for the resident market would be analyzed to provide an indication of support. How to cite Areas Of Feasibility, Papers

Perang Dunia I Essays - , Term Papers, Research Papers

Perang Dunia I Penyebab Perang Dunia I, yang dimulai di Eropa Tengah pada akhir Juli 1914, termasuk faktor saling terkait, seperti konflik dan permusuhan dari empat dekade menjelang perang. Militerisme, aliansi, imperialisme, dan nasionalisme juga memainkan peran utama dalam konflik ini. Meskipun begitu, asal-usul langsung dari perang terletak pada keputusan yang diambil oleh para negarawan dan jenderal selama Krisis 1914, casus belli yang merupakan pembunuhan Archduke Franz Ferdinand dari Austria dan istrinya oleh Gavrilo Princip, seorang Serbia. Krisis itu terjadi setelah serangkaian pertikaian diplomatik yang panjang dan sulit antara negara-negara besar (Italia, Prancis, Jerman, Kerajaan Inggris, Kekaisaran Austria-Hongaria dan Rusia) atas isu-isu Eropa dan kolonial di dekade sebelum 1914 yang telah meninggalkan ketegangan tinggi. Pada gilirannya, bentrokan diplomatik ini dapat ditelusuri dengan perubahan keseimbangan kekuatan di Eropa sejak tahun 1867. Penyebab lebih cepat untuk perang adalah ketegangan atas wilayah di Balkan. Austria-Hungaria bersaing dengan Serbia dan Rusia untuk wilayah dan pengaruh di wilayah ini dan mereka menarik seluruh negara-negara besar ke dalam konflik melalui berbagai aliansi dan perjanjian. Topik penyebab Perang Dunia I adalah salah satu yang paling banyak dipelajari dalam sejarah dunia. Para ahli telah menafsirkan topik tersebut secara berbeda. Latar belakang Pada bulan November 1912, karena Rusia dipermalukan oleh ketidakmampuannya untuk mendukung Serbia selama krisis Bosnia pada 1908 dan Perang Balkan I, negara itu mengumumkan rekonstruksi militernya secara besar-besaran. Pada tanggal 28 November, Menteri Luar Negeri Jerman, Gottlieb von Jagow mengatakan kepada Reichstag (parlemen Jerman), bahwa "Jika Austria dipaksa, untuk alasan apa pun, untuk memperjuangkan posisinya sebagai negara adidaya, maka kita harus mendampinginya."[3] Akibatnya, Menteri Luar Negeri Inggris Sir Edward Grey menanggapi dengan memperingati Pangeran Karl Lichnowsky, Duta Besar Jerman di London, bahwa jika Jerman menawarkan Austria "cek kosong" untuk perang di Balkan, maka "konsekuensi dari kebijakan tersebut tak akan bisa dihitung." Untuk mempertegas peringatan ini, R.B. Haldane, Lord Chancellor, bertemu dengan Pangeran Lichnowsky untuk memberi peringatan eksplisit bahwa jika Jerman yang menyerang Perancis, Inggris akan mengintervensi untuk mendukung Perancis.[3] Dengan rekonstruksi militer Rusia dan komunikasi eksplisit dari Inggris, kemungkinan perang merupakan topik utama di Dewan Perang Kerajaan Jerman tanggal 8 Desember 1912 di Berlin, pertemuan informal dari beberapa pucuk pimpinan militer Jerman yang dipanggil dalam waktu singkat oleh Kaiser. Yang menghadiri konferensi itu antara lain Kaiser Wilhelm II, Laksamana Alfred von Tirpitz, Sekretaris Angkatan Laut, Laksamana Georg Alexander von Mller, Ketua Kabinet Angkatan Laut Kekaisaran Jerman (Marinekabinett), Jenderal von Moltke, Kepala Staf Angkatan Darat , Laksamana August von Heeringen, Kepala Staf Umum Angkatan Laut dan Jenderal Moriz von Lyncker, Kepala Kabinet Militer Kerajaan Jerman. Kehadiran para pemimpin dari Angkatan Darat dan Angkatan Laut Jerman di Dewan Perang membuktikan pentingnya pertemuan ini. Namun, Kanselir Theobald von Bethmann-Hollweg dan Jenderal Josias von Heeringen, Menteri Urusan Perang Prusia, tidak diundang. Wilhelm II menyebut prinsip penyeimbangan kekuasaan Inggris sebagai sebuah "kebodohan," tapi setuju bahwa pernyataan Haldane adalah sebuah "klarifikasi yang diinginkan" dari kebijakan Inggris. Pendapatnya adalah bahwa Austria harus menyerang Serbia pada bulan Desember, dan jika "Rusia mendukung Serbia, yang ia jelas tidak ... maka perang akan dihindari untuk kita juga," dan itu akan lebih baik daripada pergi berperang setelah Rusia menyelesaikan modernisasi besar-besaran dan ekspansi militer mereka, yang baru saja dimulai. Moltke setuju. Dalam pendapat profesional militer "adalah perang dapat dihindari dan lebih cepat lebih baik". Moltke "ingin melancarkan serangan langsung". Baik Wilhelm II maupun pimpinan Angkatan Darat setuju bahwa jika perang diperlukan, perang itu lebih baik dilancarkan segera. Laksamana Tirpitz, bagaimanapun, meminta "penundaan pertempuran besar untuk satu setengah tahun" karena Angkatan Laut Jerman tidak siap untuk perang besar, dimana Inggris termasuk sebagai lawan. Dia bersikeras bahwa penyelesaian pembangunan dasar U-boat di Heligoland dan pelebaran Terusan Kiel adalah prasyarat Angkatan Laut untuk perang. Sejarawan Inggris, John Rhl mencat, tanggal untuk penyelesaian pelebaran Terusan Kiel adalah musim panas 1914. Meskipun Moltke keberatan dengan penundaan perang, Wilhelm memihak Tirpitz. Moltke "setuju untuk penundaan dengan enggan." Sejarawan lebih bersimpati kepada pemerintah Wilhelm II, sering menolak pentingnya Dewan Perang karena hanya menunjukkan pemikiran dan rekomendasi dari mereka yang hadir, tanpa keputusan yang diambil. Mereka sering mengutip bagian dari buku harian Laksamana Mller, yang menyatakan: "Itu adalah akhir dari konferensi Hasilnya tak ada.." Tentu saja keputusan yang diambil adalah tak melakukan apa-apa. Sejarawan lebih simpatik terhadap Entente, seperti sejarawan Inggris, John Rohl, kadang-kadang agak ambisius menafsirkan kata-kata Laksamana Mller yang mengatakan bahwa "tidak ada" diputuskan untuk 1912-1913,